B.Sc. PART 1ST BOTANY PAPER 1 VIDEO LECTURE

B.Sc. PART 1ST  BOTANY-PAPER 1 VIDEO LECTURE
  जिस टॉपिक का विडियो देखना हो उस टॉपिक पर क्लिक करके आप वीडियो देख सकते है -समस्या होने पर निम्न लिंक पर क्लिक करके भी आप वीडियो देख सकते है - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4Jtm4XoqYZlTk85dsQD2QaIRnfFD7Qws 

PAPER 1 - Cell Biology Genetics and Plant Breeding

•                                    Unit- 1

• Cel1  biology  :  Introduction  to  modem  tools  and  techniques  of  cell  biology (light microscopy and electron microscopy),
• Structure and functions of different cell organelles of eukaryotic  and prokaryotic  cells 
•  cell wall, 
• plasma membrane,  
•  nucleus,
• mitochondria,
•  chloroplast,  
• ribosome, 
• peroxisome,
• lysosome, 
• golgibody  
• Study of chromosome, 
•  nucleosome model. Model.  
• Type of chromosomes (sex chromosome, polytene, lampbrush),
•  chromosomal aberrations, deletion, duplication, inversion 
• translocation, 
• aneuploidy  and polyuploidy.

Unit- 2

• Techniques in cell Biology
•  cell signalling and 
• cell  receptors.   
• Nucleic  acid:  DNA
• DNA,  
• RNA structures and their functions, 
•  DNA replication (Involved enzymes, Primer, okazaki fragments), 
•  Basic mechanism of transcription and 
• translation. 
•  Extranuclear genome  (mitochondrial, plastid  DNA),  
•  plasmids, 
•  Transposons. 
• Cell division : cell cycles, 
•  mitosis and 
• meiosis: function of spindal apparatus, synaptonimal complex, chiasmata and crossing  over.

Unit- 3

• Genetic inheritance 
• Mendals low of inheritance and their exceptions: 
• allelic (Complete dominance, co-dominance, incomplete dominance),  
• nonalleleic interactions (complementary genes, epistasis and duplicate genes),
•  linkage and crossing over.
•  Elementary idea of chromosome mapping. 
• Cytoplasmic inheritance-shell coiling in snails, 
• kappa particles in paramecium,  
• multiple allelism:  
• ABO blood groups in   man.

Unit-4

• Plant breeding: introduction, objectives and general methods (introduction, acclimatization, selection, hybridization) of plant breeding. 
• Hybrid vigour and inbreeding depression.  
• Mutation and polyploidy in plant  breeding.

• National and international agricultural research institutes.  
• Methods of Breeding in self pollinated and cross pollinated crop plants, 
• Green revolution.